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Overview of Breast Cancer in India
When breast cells are multiplying more than usual and cannot be controlled, the disease called breast cancer occurs. Breast cancer occurs in women more often than in men, but it can occur in men in rare instances. Thanks to better technology with the equipment that detects disease, breast cancer is usually more easily diagnosed in its early stages. Early-stage breast cancer can prove to be curable through treatment options, while breast cancer diagnosed later in a person's disease will be much more challenging to treat. There are also cases where, after a person's complete recovery, the disease recurs at a later time, and in these instances, the person may need to undergo treatment a second time.
There are signs of breast cancer that present in the disease that vary from person to person. Some risk factors increase a person’s likelihood of developing breast cancer, which could include, but is not limited to, environmental and lifestyle factors. Sometimes a person has the risk factors of breast cancer because of genetics and/or a family history. Breast cancer may be avoided by providing oneself with a healthy lifestyle, and screening may allow for early detection of breast cancer during a self-exam or screening.
There are various types of treatment for breast cancer, which vary according to the stage of cancer and the suitability of the individual patient. The survival rates of breast cancer have increased in recent years due to more advanced treatments.
In India, the cost of Breast Cancer Treatment for Indian patients is between USD 1800 and USD 2400. The cost for International patients is between USD 2,700 and USD 3,300.
What Is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is among the most common cancers that affect females. Breast cancer occurs when cancerous cells in your breasts begin to multiply and form tumours. About 80% of breast cancer is invasive, meaning a tumour could metastasise from your breasts to other areas of your body.
Breast cancer typically affects women who are 50 years old or older, but it can also affect women who are younger than 50 years of age. Men may also develop breast cancer.
Types of Breast Cancer:
Healthcare providers identify the type of cancer and subtype to provide an effective treatment that minimises side effects. Here are the common types of breast cancer:
Invasive (infiltrating) ductal carcinoma (IDC): This cancer starts in your milk ducts and spreads into local breast tissue. It's the most common type of breast cancer in the United States.
Lobular breast cancer: This breast cancer starts in the lobules (milk-producing glands) in your breast and often spreads into local breast tissue. It's the second most common breast cancer in the United States.
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): Like IDC, this breast cancer starts in your milk ducts, but it does not spread outside your milk ducts.
Less common breast cancer types include:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)- This form of invasive breast cancer is aggressive and grows faster than other forms of breast cancer.
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)- A rare form of breast cancer that grows rapidly and looks like a rash on the breast. IBC is extremely rare in the United States.
Paget's disease of the breast- This uncommon form of cancer affects not only the nipple but the skin as well. Paget's disease might mimic a rash on your nipple. Paget's disease of the breast accounts for less than 4% of all breast cancers.
Breast cancer subtypes
Healthcare professionals categorise breast cancer subtypes by the status of receptor proteins in cancer cells. Receptors are molecules (proteins) found in or on the cell's surface. Receptors grab and hold on to or attract certain substances in your blood. Some of these substances can be hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen and progesterone have been shown to promote the growth of cancerous cells. Knowing if the cancerous cells contain estrogen, progesterone, or unknown receptors is helpful to healthcare professionals to plan the best breast cancer treatment.
Types of breast cancer subtypes may include the following:
- ER-positive (ER+) breast cancers, which have estrogen receptors.
- PR-positive (PR+) breast cancers, which have progesterone receptors.
- HR-positive (HR+) breast cancers, which have both estrogen and progesterone receptors.
- Group HR-negative (HR-), which are breast cancers that do not have any estrogen or progesterone receptors.
- HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers, which have a higher than normal amount of the HER2 protein. This protein helps cancer cells grow. About 15% to 20% of breast cancers are HER2-positive.
Procedure:
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a treatment that includes medications to kill the cancer cells in the breast. These drugs are designed to kill the cancer cells and limit the growth of tumours in the breast tissues. Chemotherapy treatments are usually only used in more advanced stages of cancer.
Surgery
Surgery is another common form of breast cancer treatment. There are primarily two types:
Lumpectomy: Removal of the tumour and some surrounding healthy tissue. Usually also includes radiation therapy following the operation.
Mastectomy: Removal of the entire breast, with or without reconstruction.
Lymph node surgery: Also involves removing lymph nodes in the armpit to determine if there is cancer.
Radiation Treatment
Radiation treatment uses high-energy X-rays that target and kill cancer cells. Radiation treatment can also be used to shrink tumours before performing surgeries.
Targeted Treatment
Targeted treatment targets specific proteins or substances responsible for the growth of cancerous cells in breast tumours. Target treatments can also be performed with other types of treatments. Targeted treatment reduces the chances of complications.
Hormone Treatment
Hormone treatment is used where breast tumours develop as a result of hormones (for example, estrogen). This treatment targets the hormone supply to the growth of cancer cells in breast tissue. Hormone treatments could also be used in conjunction with other forms of treatment.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses the body’s immune system to fight against cancer cells. Immunotherapy is not a standard treatment for breast cancer.
Best Doctors in India
Cost of Breast Cancer in India
|
Treatment |
Min |
Max |
|
Breast Cancer Treatment |
1598 USD |
2131 USD |
|
Chemotherapy |
532 USD |
710 USD |
|
Surgical Treatment |
1598 USD |
2131 USD |
|
Modified Radical Mastectomy |
1438 USD |
1918 USD |
|
Breast Biopsy |
266 USD |
355 USD |
Top Hospitals in India
Indications of Breast Cancer:
Breast cancer can begin in many areas of the breast, and the location of the tumour determines the breast cancer types.
The areas of the breasts where cancer can begin are the lobules, ducts, nipple, stroma, blood vessels, and lymph vessels.
Lobules
The lobules of the breast are the glands within the breast tissue that produce breast milk. Lobular cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the lobules.
Ducts
Breast ducts are little channels that carry milk to the nipple from the lobules. Carcinoma that begins in the ducts is known as ductal cancer.
Nipple
The nipple is the exit point of the breast skin where the ducts are arranged together as larger ducts to facilitate the easy release of breast milk. Cancer in the nipple is referred to as Paget's disease of the breast. This is an uncommon kind of breast carcinoma.
Fat and connective tissue (stroma)
Fat and connective tissue, or stroma, provides support and protection to the breast tissue. Cancer that arises in the stroma is called a phyllodes tumour.
Blood vessels and lymph vessels
Blood vessels and lymph vessels are crucial parts of the breast. The blood vessels provide nutrients and oxygen to the breast tissue, while the lymph vessels help eliminate waste and excess fluids from the breasts. The cancer that arises in the lining of the vessels is called angiosarcoma.
Breast Cancer Symptoms
Individual differences exist in the symptoms of breast cancer, and some women may not detect any changes at all. To aid in early detection, it's crucial to be aware of possible symptoms and indicators. The following is a list of signs of breast cancer to be aware of:
- Lump in the Breast or Underarm: The most common symptom is a new lump (mass) in the breast or underarm (armpit). These lumps are usually hard, have an irregular shape, and are painless. Some lumps can be soft, round, and tender.
- Change in Breast Size or Shape: Any unexplained change in size, shape, or appearance of the breast should be investigated. This may include swelling of part or all of the breast and no specific lump is felt.
- Skin Changes: Look for dimpling, puckering, or redness of the breast skin. Occasionally, the skin may have a texture similar to an orange peel.
- Nipple Changes: This includes any nipple discharge (other than breast milk), especially bloody or clear discharge or discharge that occurs without squeezing. Nipple inversion (pointing or turning inward), nipple retraction and any other changes in the appearance of the nipple, including thickening or scaling.
- Pain: Most breast cancers do not cause pain; however, if breast pain or discomfort persists and does not follow the menstrual cycle or other benign conditions, it should be investigated.
- Breast or Nipple Pain: Pain or tenderness in the breast or nipple area may be a symptom. However, breast pain alone is rarely a symptom of cancer.
- Swelling in the Armpit or Around the Collarbone: Swelling or lumps in these areas may indicate that breast cancer has spread to the lymph nodes.
- Thickening of Breast Tissue: Any thickening of the breast tissue that feels different from the surrounding tissue may be a sign.
- Visible Veins: Sometimes the veins on the surface of the breast become more visible, which may indicate changes in the breast tissue.
- Breast Rash: A rash or redness around the nipple may portend Paget's disease of the breast, which is a rare type of breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Causes
At this time, the exact cause of breast cancer is unknown. However, there are risk factors that have been identified as likely to affect a person's chance of developing breast cancer:
- Genetic mutations - Genetic mutations can increase the chances of breast cancer nodes. Notable genes are BCRA1 and BCRA2.
- Hormonal factors - An increase in the length of time that a person is exposed to oestrogen increases the chance of breast cancer. This is mainly due to starting periods at a young age, late menopause or long-term exposure to Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT).
- Lifestyle factors - Some lifestyle choices may have an impact on breast cancer risk, including being overweight, not exercising regularly, and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Breast density - If a person has higher density tissue (more glandular and less fatty tissue), they may have fewer possible screening options. They may be at a slightly higher risk of developing breast cancer.
- Family history - A close family member (mother, sister, daughter) who has been diagnosed with breast cancer will increase your risk, depending on age at diagnosis and the number of relatives who have been diagnosed.
Risk Factors:
There are many risk factors for breast cancer, and some are modifiable and some are not. Some important risk factors are:
- Age: The risk of breast cancer increases as a woman gets older. Most breast cancers are diagnosed in women after the age of 50.
- Genetic Mutation: Women who inherit mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene have a substantially increased risk of both breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
- Family History: A woman with a first-degree relative (mother, sister, daughter) with breast cancer has nearly double the risk of breast cancer.
- Previous Menstrual History: History of starting menstruation at an early age (before age 12) and late menopause (after age 55), which suggests a longer duration of exposure to hormones, increases risk.
- Breast Density: Women with dense breast tissue have a higher risk of breast cancer and may have more difficulty identifying lesions on a mammogram.
- Prior Conditions: Certain non-cancerous breast conditions, such as atypical hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), are considered risk factors.
- Hormone Replacement Therapy: Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause is a risk factor for breast cancer.
- Radiation Therapy: Women who received radiation treatment to the chest for other cancers (such as Hodgkin's lymphoma) when they were younger than 30 are at higher risk of developing breast cancer later in life.
- Lifestyle Factors: Obesity, no physical activity, alcohol intake, and diet are risk factors for breast cancer.
- Reproductive History: Women are also at risk of developing breast cancer if their first pregnancy is after age 30, they didn't breastfeed, and they haven't had a full-term pregnancy.
Breast cancer treatment is directed toward a cure or long-term control, but there can be complications of the disease and its treatment. Here are some examples of complications:
- Physical side effects of surgery: Pain, scarring, swelling, and lymphedema (fluid in the arm), depending on the type of surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy).
- Side effects of radiation therapy: Radiation treatment can lead to fatigue, skin irritation, and soreness in the treated area. In some cases, radiation has long-term effects such as lung issues or heart issues.
- Side effects of chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs can cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and mouth sores. The severity of these side effects can depend on the type and dosage of drugs received.
- Side effects of hormonal therapy: Hormonal therapy medications can lead to side effects like hot flashes, vaginal dryness, joint pain, and an increased risk of blood clots.
- Lymphedema: This is a potential side effect of surgery that involves the removal of lymph nodes. Lymphedema can include swelling in the arm, chest, or back due to fluid buildup.
- Breast cancer recurrence: There is always a chance of the breast cancer returning after treatment. The available treatment options after follow-up appointments are key for monitoring and detecting a recurrence, should it occur.
- Emotional and psychological side effects: A breast cancer diagnosis and treatment can be an arduous emotional road. Many people report some level of anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence, and body image issues related to the diagnosis.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s)
There live the blind texts separated they right at the coast of the Semantics.
A variety of techniques, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, are frequently used to treat breast cancer. The patient's general health and preferences, together with the stage and kind of breast cancer, all influence the particular treatment strategy.
A healthcare team should be consulted before discontinuing therapy for metastatic breast cancer because it is a very personal decision. There isn't a single solution that works for everyone; instead, it involves weighing the possible advantages of ongoing treatment against the effects on quality of life. Other options, such as palliative or hospice care, may need to be considered when the costs of therapy exceed the benefits or when the cancer continues to develop despite treatment.
There is no one "best" way to treat breast cancer because the optimum course of action varies depending on several variables, including the patient's preferences, general health, and the stage and kind of the tumour. Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy are just a few of the methods that are frequently used in combination for treatment.
The cost of breast cancer treatment for Indian patients ranges from $1800 to $2400. International patients can expect to pay between $ 2,700 and $ 3,300.
Breast cancer that is in stage 2 indicates that it has not progressed to other regions of the body but is either in the breast, adjacent lymph nodes, or both. It is regarded as an early stage of breast cancer. The tumour's size and whether or not lymph nodes have been affected determine the stage.