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Angioplasty And Stent Placement
- Days In Hospital 5 days
- Outside Hospital Stay 15 days
- Success Rate 82%
Minimum Cost
$ 4500
Maximum Cost.
$ 6000
Overview of Angioplasty And Stent Placement in India
Angioplasty is a surgical procedure that opens blocked heart arteries by inflating a balloon at the narrowed segment. This opens the arteries and improves the blood flow to the heart, avoiding major open heart surgery. Sometimes blood vessels become blocked either due to narrow space or the contents of the artery have fat or plaque buildup. Angioplasty opens the arteries and improves heart function by establishing blood flow.
Once the arteries are opened, wire scaffolding called stents are placed at that site to help the artery stay open and to keep it from blocking again. After stent placement, the stent itself will become part of the tissue in approximately 5 to 8 months. Stent placement can help prevent arterial blockages from recurring and does not require any further treatment. Although angioplasty and stenting are successful in improving blood flow to the heart, they may not be performed in every patient, each case is different due to the complications of an individual patient.
Angioplasty and stents also have risks that need to be minimised as much as possible to improve recovery after the procedure. There is a limit on completing any stressful physical activities after the angioplasty and stenting are done for a period of time. Once they have the opportunity to resume physical activity gradually, they can do so as advised by the surgeon.
What Is Angioplasty?
Angioplasty is a procedure that requires minimal surgery to opens arteries (large blood vessels) to make blood flow easier. Angioplasty most commonly treats atherosclerosis (a collection of plaque made of fat and cholesterol) in your arteries.
Angioplasty involves a small medical balloon that pushes plaque out of narrow or blocked regions.
Angioplasty is a generally safe procedure. It is less invasive than many other heart and vascular procedures, including bypass surgery.
Your cardiovascular health is essential to your overall health. Angioplasties are often necessary to help prevent serious complications of atherosclerosis like heart attack and stroke.
Why Is It Done?
Coronary Angioplasty is a procedure used to relieve atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a slow build-up of plaques along the wall of a coronary artery. Your doctor will recommend angioplasty for the following reasons:
- When medications or change of lifestyle are insufficient in improving the health of your heart.
- If you have a heart attack and opening a blocked artery quickly will lead to less damage.
- Worsening chest pain.
Types of Angioplasty And Stent Placement:
Balloon Angioplasty
This is a typically performed procedure that involves inserting an empty balloon-tipped catheter into the narrowed or blocked artery. Once the catheter is in place, the balloon is inflated to compress the narrowed artery against the walls. this will widen the vessel and allow for better blood flow.
Coronary Stent Placement
A stent may be placed at the same time as the balloon angioplasty to help hold the artery open. Stents provide structural support to the artery and help prevent it from narrowing again. Stents can be separated into two categories:
Bare-Metal Stents (BMS): These stents are not coated with medication and provide support during vessel opening; they may be used in certain circumstances.
Drug-Eluting Stents (DES): These stents are coated in medication and slowly releases into the artery to prevent tissue growth and prevent blockage of the artery again.
Angioplasty with Rotational Atherectomy
In some cases where the deposition of fat becomes hard and resistant to standard balloon angioplasty, a rotational atherectomy device may be used. A device that, through use of a small rotating tube tip, removes hard fat deposits from the artery to make way for better blood flow.
Angioplasty using a Cutting Balloon
A cutting balloon contains small blades on the surface. It is inflated like a regular balloon but also will cut into the deposit of fat. This helps compress and expand the artery more easily.
Angioplasty using a Laser
A laser catheter is used during laser angioplasty to break up fatty deposits in the artery and restore blood flow. This is not commonly performed since other effective techniques exist.
Directional Atherectomy
This technique is similar to rotational atherectomy, but it uses a cutting device to remove the fat deposit from the arterial wall.
Procedure:
How to prepare for angioplasty surgery?
In addition to routinely reviewing medical histories, doctors conduct tests to prepare for angioplasty. Among these tests are:
- Electrocardiogram
- Chest X-Ray
- Blood tests
Procedure of angioplasty and stenting
To provide a brief description of the steps of angioplasty and stenting:
Anesthesia and Incision: The patient is given anesthetic to help minimize discomfort, a small incision is made usually in the groin area, and a catheter is inserted into a blood vessel. The catheter is guided through the blood vessels to the blockage.
Angiography: The procedure involves X-rays to create a clear picture of the blood vessels, which is used to perform the angioplasty and stenting.
Guidewire Placement: A guidewire is passed through the catheter, and directed to the blockage.
Balloon Inflation: An inflation balloon catheter is positioned at the site of the blockage and the balloon is inflated, compressing the fatty deposits against the arterial wall and widening the vessel.
Stent Delivery: The stent is delivered to the treatment site over the same catheter. The stent is dilated by inflating the balloon, which pushes it against the arterial walls.
Deflation and Stent Placement: The balloon is deflated and removed, leaving the stent in place, to keep the arterial system open.
Catheter Removal: The catheter is slowly withdrawn while pressure is applied to the insertion site to stop bleeding.
Closure: After closure, a bandage is applied to the site, and sutures are placed over the incision.
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Cost of Angioplasty And Stent Placement in India
In India, the average cost of angioplasty is around INR 2,00,000 to INR 3,00,000 for patients of Indian origin. For international patients, the cost is between USD 4500 and USD 5500. Costs may be affected by complications that may arise during the procedure for each patient. Costs may also vary based on the surgeon's experience and the hospitals capabilities.
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Indications of Angioplasty And Stent Placement:
The following are some ailments for which angioplasty and stenting may be beneficial:
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Acute Coronary Syndrome
- Consistent Angina
- Angina Unstable
- Restenosis of the Coronary Arteries
- Stenosis of the Carotid Arteries
- Disease of the Peripheral Arteries
- Stenosis of the Renal Arteries
- Stenosis of the Aorta
- Stenosis of the Brain Arteries
Risk Factors:
The following are some of the risk factors associated with angioplasty and stenting:
Bleeding and Hemorrhage
Angioplasty and stenting procedures have an inherent risk of bleeding from the puncture site, as well as the possibility of bleeding internally which could further complicate the clinical condition of the patient.
Blood Clots
There is a risk of thrombus formation at the stent site, which could obstruct blood flow and further complicate the patient's clinical condition.
Restenosis
There is a risk of re-narrowing of the treated artery due to excess tissue growth.
Damage to the Arteries
The procedure of angioplasty and stenting carries a risk of arterial wall damage.
Allergic Reaction
Some patients may have a risk of an allergic reaction to the contrast dye, or to other materials, utilized during the procedure.
Infection
There is a risk for infection either at the puncture site or in the bloodstream, which may occur later after the procedure.
Kidney Damage
The contrast dye used during the procedure may have unwanted effects on kidney function which may be more of an issue for those with preexisting kidney disease.
Stroke
In rare cases, during the stenting of arteries that go to the brain, there is also a risk of stroke.
Arrhythmias
After the angioplasty and stenting, some patients may experience irregular heart rhythms.
Radiation Exposure
Prolonged exposure to X-ray imaging may cause damage to the cells and carry more complication risks.