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Mitral Valve Replacement
- Days In Hospital 4 days
- Outside Hospital Stay 10 days
- Success Rate 77%
Minimum Cost
$ 7000
Maximum Cost.
$ 10000
Overview of Mitral Valve Replacement in India
Mitral valve replacement is an open-heart surgery that replaces a malfunctioning mitral valve with a new valve, using metal or animal tissue, to improve blood flow. You may receive a mechanical (artificial) replacement valve made of carbon and steel. Or you may receive a biological (bioprosthetic) valve made of tissues from pigs, cows or (rarely) humans.
Your mitral valve is the passageway between the two chambers of your heart that hold oxygen-rich blood. The oxygen-rich blood moves from your lungs into your left atrium, through your mitral valve and into your left ventricle. The left ventricle has the important role of pumping blood to the body through the aorta.
If you have mitral valve disease, your valve will not open and close correctly. This puts stress on the left side of your heart. Over time, this can cause heart and lung injury.
What Does This Procedure Treat?
A mitral valve replacement procedure takes place for mitral valve regurgitation and mitral valve stenosis. A surgeon will try to repair your valve instead of replacing it whenever possible. If your surgeon thinks a repair surgery is less likely to be successful, he or she may advise you to have a new valve.
These could include:
- Severe damage from endocarditis or rheumatic heart disease
- Extensive calcium buildup or scarring
- Significant damage to your papillary muscles or chordae, which provide support for your valve
Types of Mitral Valve Replacement:
Mechanical Mitral Valve Replacement
A mechanical valve consists of materials that can adequately perform the functions of a natural valve. Carbon or metal is the material used in a mechanical valve. These types of valves can last a long time, but there is a chance of having an infection.
Bioprosthetic Mitral Valve Replacement
A bioprosthesis is made from animal tissues, making this a better option for most patients. The tissue is taken from cow or pig. Bioprosthetic valves usually do not develop infections but does need to be replaced in time.
Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement (TMVR)
In transcatheter mitral valve replacement, the catheter is passed through the vein and guided to the heart where the replacement valve is placed with the existing valve being used instead of needing to go through open heart surgery for larger incisions. This option is utilized when the patient is too weak to go under traditional open heart surgery.
Procedure:
Anesthesia: Anesthesia is administered to the patient to assure that the patient experiences no pain or discomfort during the procedure of mitral valve replacement.
Incision: An incision is made, if necessary, depending on the type of procedure. This can be a large incision for traditional open heart surgery, or a smaller incision which is the case for a minimally invasive mitral valve replacement.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A heart-lung machine is utilized during the procedure in order to preserve the blood flow in the body and supply oxygen to the body during the procedure. The heart-lung machine assumes responsibility for both the heart and lungs, as if they were functioning.
Placing the Patient on Cardiopulmonary Bypass: The surgeon will insert tubes into the chambers of the heart draining the blood from the heart and passing it through the heart-lung machine which oxygenates the blood and removes carbon dioxide.
Stopping the Heart: The heart is stopped for a while by a solution that contains potassium and is cold in temperature. This allows the surgeon to operate on a still heart.
Removing the Damaged Mitral Valve: The damaged or diseased mitral valve is then removed by the surgeon. The valve is disconnected, and debris is removed from the tissues surrounding the valve.
Preparing the Replacement Mitral Valve: Depending on the type of replacement valve selected, the valve to be inserted is prepared.
Placement of the Replacement Valve: The replacement valve is positioned directly into the opening of the mitral valve and sewn into place.
Testing and Ensuring Functionality: After implantation of the valve, the surgeon tests the valve for any leaks while filling the heart chambers with saline solution and observing the function of the valve. The surgeon will also test the valve to see it adequately opens and closes.
Closing the Incision: When the surgeon is satisfied and the valve replacement is achieved, and an incisions are closed. The incision in the chest will be closed using sutures, and the incision area covered with dressings of medications to protect against any infections.
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Cost of Mitral Valve Replacement in India
|
Treatment Costs In India |
Min |
Max |
|
Mitral Valve Replacement |
6000 USD |
8000 USD |
|
Mitral Valve Replacement - Mechanical Valve |
7500 USD |
9000 USD |
|
Mitral Valve Replacement - Tissue Valve |
10000 USD |
12000 USD |
|
Mitral Valve Repair |
3000 USD |
4000 USD |
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Indications of Mitral Valve Replacement:
The reasons for mitral valve replacement surgery are:
- Severe narrowing of the mitral valve.
- Severe leaking of the mitral valve.
- Mitral valve disease causing heart failure.
- Mitral valve disease causing severe enlargement of heart chambers.
- Mitral valve diseases causing infections.
- Mitral valve disease causing symptoms including chest pain, dyspnea, and fatigue.
- Failure of previous mitral valve repair.
- Congenital heart defects involving the mitral valve.
Risk Factors:
Risk of Infection
There is a chance of developing an infection at the surgical site. Various precautions can be implemented to reduce the risk; for example sterile technique when performing the surgery, and use of appropriate Infection prophylaxis medication.
Bleeding
There is a risk of bleeding, during or after the procedure, which may be excessive and result in transfusion of blood products.
Poor Overall Health
Illness or diminished immunity may increase the chance of surgical complications.
Obesity
Excessive weight may increase the chance of complications occurring during surgery, and can prolong recovery time frames.
Valve Dysfunction
In certain circumstances, the valve you receive may not function adequately, with the most common complications being leakage or inadequate blood flow.
Chronic Complications
Mechanical valves require lifelong anticoagulation medication, which means that there is a risk of bleeding. Bioprosthetic valves may eventually result in functional decline, thus requiring additional surgery.